The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary stabilizer of the knee when performing sporting activities involving cutting, twisting, and change of direction. The ACL is made of two ligamentous bundles attached to the tibial plateau and to the femur in the intercondylar notch. This allows the ACL to prevent anterior translation of the tibia beneath the femur when performing closed chain activities.
Loss of the ACL results in knee instability. The joint instability may lead to damage to the meniscus due to the lack of control of the femoral condyles. The reason for the great concern over the rupture of the cruciate is the possible damage which may occur to the menisci. Meniscus damage may lead to severe arthritis.
Rupture of the ACL occurs when there is a blow to the knee with a rotary force with the knee in relative extension. The ACL may be partially or completely torn. Partial tears usually develop into full tears. If the client does not modify his or her activity to avoid excessive shear forces, there will be damage to the meniscus. The meniscal damage leads to arthritis and further complications.
